Metal polishing refers to the process of using mechanical, chemical, or electrochemical effects to reduce the surface roughness of a workpiece, in order to obtain a bright and flat surface. So, what are the metal polishing processes?

1. Mechanical polishing: It is a polishing method that obtains a smooth surface by removing the convex parts after polishing through cutting and plastic deformation of the material surface. It generally uses oilstone strips, wool wheels, sandpaper, etc., and is mainly operated manually. For special parts such as the surface of the rotating body, auxiliary tools such as a turntable can be used. For high surface quality requirements, ultra precision polishing can be used. Ultra precision polishing is the use of specially designed grinding tools, which are tightly pressed onto the machined surface of the workpiece in a polishing fluid containing abrasives and perform high-speed rotational motion. By utilizing this technology, Ra0.008 can be achieved μ The surface roughness of m is the highest among various polishing methods. This method is often used in optical lens molds.

2. Chemical polishing: It is the process of allowing materials to preferentially dissolve the micro protruding parts of the surface in a chemical medium, resulting in a smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that it does not require complex equipment and can polish workpieces with complex shapes. It can simultaneously polish many workpieces with high efficiency. The core issue of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing solution. The surface roughness obtained by chemical polishing is generally in the order of 10 μ M.

3. Electrolytic polishing principle: The basic principle is the same as chemical polishing, which relies on selectively dissolving small protrusions on the surface of the material to make the surface smooth. Compared with chemical polishing, it can eliminate the influence of cathodic reaction and achieve better results. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps: (1) macroscopic leveling, diffusion of dissolved products into the electrolyte, and a decrease in geometric roughness of the material surface, with Ra>1 μ M. (2) Low light level flat anodic polarization, increased surface brightness, Ra<1 μ M.

4. Ultrasonic polishing: Place the workpiece in an abrasive suspension and place it together in an ultrasonic field, relying on the oscillation effect of the ultrasonic wave to grind and polish the abrasive on the surface of the workpiece. Ultrasonic machining has low macroscopic force and will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but it is difficult to make and install tooling. Ultrasonic machining can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration is applied to stir the solution to separate the dissolved products on the surface of the workpiece, and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface is uniform; The cavitation effect of ultrasound in liquids can also suppress the corrosion process, which is conducive to surface brightening.

5. Fluid polishing: It refers to the process of polishing the surface of a workpiece by flushing the high-speed flowing liquid and its accompanying abrasive particles. Common methods include abrasive jet machining, liquid jet machining, hydrodynamic grinding, etc. Hydrodynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which causes the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles to flow back and forth through the surface of the workpiece at high speed. The medium is mainly made of special compounds with good flowability under low pressure and mixed with abrasives, which can be silicon carbide powder.

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